James r



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES R. ENDER, OF TRENTON, LOUISIANA.

HAT.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 27,897, dated April 17, 1860.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES R. ENDER, of Trenton, in the parish ofOuachita and State of Louisiana, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in Hats; and I do hereby declare that the following is afull, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had tothe accompaying drawing, forming a part of this specifica-tion, whichrepresents a vertical central section of my invention.

Everybody wearing a hat, when he is eX- posed to the rays of the sun,especially in tropical countries, feels that the crown of the hat as nowconstructed is not a sufficient protection for the head against theheat. The air in the hat, and even the hair on the head becomes so hot,that it creates a disagreeable feeling, and in cases where persons areexposed to the rays of the sun for a longer time, sunstrokes are notinfrequently caused from this insuiicient protection of the head.

To remedy this evil and to provide for a hat that protects the head onthe hottest summer day, as well as in winter time is the object of myinvention, which consists in arranging in the crown of the hat a stratumof charcoal dust or lampblack or other suitable non-conducting substanceof sufficient thickness to exclude t-he heat ot the sun while the smallspeciic gravity ot these materials does not increase the weight of thehat sufficiently, so as to make it inconvenientor the wearer.

To enable those skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I willproceed to describe it.

I arrange my hat with a double crown, and I place between its inner oradditional crown A, and its outer or regular crown B, a stratum C, oflampblack or charcoal dust or some other equally bad conductor of heat.Any stitf hat either before or after it is covered is fitted on theinside of the bottom with the non-conducting material and stamped downuntil it becomes even and to the thickness of about half an inch, ormore if desired. If lampblack is used, no other ingredient is required,as the same by reason of its inherent grease becomes solid and hard whenstamped; with other materials it may be necessary to use some thinsolution` of l glue or some other ingredient to make the particlesadhere to each other. When the nonconducting substances are mixed withglue or other adhesive article it will not be necessary to use anyadditional crown A; but the latter may be omitted, and the nonconductingmaterial may be poured within the hat and plastered or spread upon thecrown B, to which when dry it will firmly adhere without need of thecrown A. When the crown A is thus dispensed with the interior of the hatmay be ornamented by sinking into the non-conductor, while plastic anydesired initial letters, or ornamental figures or forms, cut out of thinmetal or veneer wood or other suitable material. After the non-conducting material has thus been stamped down, I cover it with thesame material from which the body of the hat is formed, thus forming asecond crown and then I finish the lining. By these means a solid hatcrown of a non-conducting material is formed which is incapable of beingpenetrated by the hot rays of the sun, and the additional weight is sotritling that it is hardly noticed, a stratum of lampblack of therequired thickness in a full sized hat weighing not more than half anounce. A hat furnished with this non-conducting crown keeps the airwithin the hat and over the head much cooler' than hats of the usualconstruction, as with my hat said air is heated only by the immediateperspiration from the head, when with the ordinary hatl it becomes hotfrom two sources, viz-the heat of the sun, and the heat of the head, andof course if the under part of the crown is hot it will increase theheat of the head, and create a very disagreeable burning on the top ofthe head, which is the immediate cause of headache and sunstroke.

I do not cla-im the invention of a double crowned hot, nor the use of astratum of air in the crown, but;

Having thus, described my invention I claim as new and desire to secureby Let-- ters Patent, as an improved article of manufacture:

A hat provided with a lining of lamp-` black, charcoal or otherequivalent non-conducting substance as herein shown and de- R. G. COBB.

